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Ghosts (play)
''Ghosts'' (original Danish title: ''Gengangere'') is a play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was written in 1881 and first staged in 1882 in Chicago, Illinois, in a production by a Danish company on tour. Like many of Ibsen's plays, ''Ghosts'' is a scathing commentary on 19th-century morality. Because of its subject matter, which includes religion, venereal disease, incest and euthanasia,〔Ibsen, Henrik, ''Ghosts. Four Major Plays''. Oxford World’s Classic. Oxford University Press. (1981) ISBN 0-19-283387-1〕 it immediately generated strong controversy and negative criticism. Since then the play has fared better, and is considered a “great play”〔Ibsen, Henrik. ''Four Great Plays''. Bantam Books (1984) ISBN 9780553212808〕 that historically holds a position of “immense importance”.〔Ibsen, Henrik. Ibsen. ''Plays: 1: Ghosts; The Wild Duck; The Master Builder.'' Dramatists Play Service Inc. (1980) ISBN 9780413463302. Page 24〕
==Writing==
Ibsen originally wrote the play in Danish, with the title, ''Gengangere.'' The Norwegian word is ''Gjengangere'', which can be literally translated as "again walkers", or "ones who return," or "revenants",〔Watts, Peter. ''Notes'', p. 291, in Henrik Ibsen, ''Ghosts and other Plays'', Penguin Classics, 1964.〕 Norwegians also use this term for people who frequent the same places, whether pubs, parties, opening nights, or other occasions, so it has a different meaning and connotation than the English word "ghosts".
Ibsen wrote ''Ghosts'' during the autumn of 1881 and published it in December of the same year. As early as November 1880, when he was living in Rome, Ibsen was meditating on a new play to follow ''A Doll's House''. When he went to Sorrento, in the summer of 1881, he was hard at work upon it. He finished it by the end of November 1881 and published it in Copenhagen on 13 December. Its world stage première was on 20 May 1882 in Norwegian by a Danish company in Chicago, Illinois.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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